Preparation, properties and bioapplications of block copolymers nanopatterns

Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly has emerged as a feasible method for large-scale fabrication with remarkable precision – features that are not common for most of the nanofabrication techniques. In this review, we present recent advancements in the molecular design of BCP along with state-of-the-art processing methodologies based on microphase separation alone or its combination with different lithography methods. Furthermore, we explore the bioapplications of the generated nanopatterns in the development of protein arrays, cell-selective surfaces, and antibacterial coatings. Finally, we outline the current challenges in the field and discuss the potential breakthroughs that can be achieved by adopting BCP approaches already applied in the fabrication electronic devices.