Project | N/A :: publications list |
Title | Synthesis and Characterization of Electroactive Gellan Gum Spongy-Like Hydrogels for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering Applications. |
Publication Type | Papers in Scientific Journals |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Authors | Berti F. V., Srisuk P., da Silva L. P., Marques A. P., Reis R. L., and Correlo V. M. |
Abstract | Advances on materials' research for tissue engineering (TE) applications have shown that animal cells respond directly to the material physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical stimuli altering a variety of cell signaling cascades, which consequently result in phenotypic and genotypic alterations. Gellan gum (GG) spongy-like hydrogels (SLH) with open microstructure, mechanical properties, and cell performance have shown promising results for soft TE applications. Taking advantage of intrinsic properties of GG-SLH and polypyrrole (PPy) electroactivity, we developed electroactive PPy-GG-SLH envisaging their potential use for skeletal muscle TE. Three different methods of in situ chemical oxidative polymerization were developed based on the availability of pyrrole: freely dissolved in solution (method I and III) or immobilized into GG hydrogels (method II). PPy was homogeneously distributed within (method I and III) and on the surface (method II) of GG-SLH, as also confirmed by Fourier Transform infrared spectra. PPy-GG-SLH showed higher conductivity than GG-SLH (p < 0.05) whereas PPy-GG-SLH (method I and II) showed the best conductivity among the 3 methods (∼1 to 2 × 10-4 S/cm). The microarchitecture of PPy-GG-SLH (method I) was similar to GG-SLH but PPy-GG-SLH (method II and III) presented smaller pore sizes and lower porosity. PPy-GG-SLH (method I and II) compressive modulus (∼450-500 KPa) and recovering capacity (∼75-90%) was higher than GG-SLH, nevertheless the mechanical properties of PPy-GG-SLH (method III) were lower. The water uptake of PPy-GG-SLH was rapidly up to 2500% and were stable along 60 days of degradation being the maximum weight loss 20%. Mechanically stable and electroactive PPy-GG-SLH (method I and II) were analyzed regarding cellular performance. PPy-GG-SLH were not cytotoxic for L929 cells. In addition, L929 and C2C12 myoblast cells were able to adhere and spread within PPy-GG-SLH, showing improved spreading in comparison to GG-SLH performance. Overall, PPy-GG-SLH show promising features as an alternative electroactive platform to analyze the influence of electrical stimulation on skeletal muscle cells. |
Journal | Tissue Engineering : Part A |
Pagination | 1-12 |
Date Published | 2017-03-31 |
Publisher | Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers |
ISSN | 2152-4947 |
DOI | 0.1089/ten.tea.2016.0430 |
URL | http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ten.TEA.2016.0430?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed |
Keywords | chemical oxidative polymerization in situ, Gellan Gum, polypyrrole, skeletal muscle cells, soft electroactive spongy-like hydrogels |
Rights | restrictedAccess |
Peer reviewed | yes |
Status | published |