Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Modulates Tendon Cells Response in IL‐1β‐Conditioned Environment

Strategies aiming at controlling and modulating inflammatory cues may offer therapeutic solutions for improving tendon regeneration. This study aims to investigate the modulatory effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the inflammatory profile of human tendon‐derived cells (hTDCs) after supplementation with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). IL‐1β was used to artificially induce in-flammatory cues associated with injured tendon environments. The PEMF effect was investigated varying the frequency (5 or 17 Hz), intensity (1.5, 4, or 5 mT), and duty‐cycle (10% or 50%) parameters to which IL‐1β‐treated hTDCs were exposed to. A PEMF actuation with 4 mT, 5 Hz and a 50% duty cycle decreased the production of IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), as well as the expression of TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐8, COX‐2, MMP‐1, MMP‐2, and MMP‐3, while IL‐4, IL‐10, and TIMP‐1 expression increased. These results suggest that PEMF stimulation can modulate hTDCs response in an inflammatory environment holding therapeutic potential for tendon regenerative strategies.