Design and characterization of a biodegradable double-layer scaffold aimed at periodontal tissue-engineering applications

The inefficacy of the currently used therapies in achieving the regeneration ad integrumof the
periodontium stimulates the search for alternative approaches, such as tissue-engineering strategies.
Therefore, the core objective of this study was to develop a biodegradable double-layer scaffold for
periodontal tissue engineering. The design philosophy was based on a double-layered construct
obtained from a blend of starch and poly-ε-caprolactone (30:70wt%; SPCL). A SPCL fibre mesh
functionalized with silanol groups to promote osteogenesis was combined with a SPCL solvent
casting membrane aiming at acting as a barrier against the migration of gingival epithelium into
the periodontal defect. Each layer of the double-layer scaffolds was characterized in terms of
morphology, surface chemical composition, degradation behaviour and mechanical properties.
Moreover, the behaviour of seeded/cultured canine adipose-derived stem cells (cASCs) was assessed.
In general, the developed double-layered scaffolds demonstrated adequate degradation and
mechanical behaviour for the target application. Furthermore, the biological assays revealed that
both layers of the scaffold allow adhesion and proliferation of the seeded undifferentiated cASCs,
and the incorporation of silanol groups into thefibre-mesh layer enhance the expression of a typical
osteogenic marker. This study allowed an innovative construct to be developed, combining a
three-dimensional (3D) scaffold with osteoconductive properties and with potential to assist
periodontal regeneration, carrying new possible solutions to current clinical needs.