@article {19947,
	title = {Different energy inputs promotes helicity change in the supramolecular arrangement of carbohydrates},
	booktitle = {1st Discoveries Forum on Regenerative and Precision Medicine},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019-09-25 00:00:00},
	address = {Porto-Portugal},
	abstract = {<p>Glycans participate in a vast number of biomolecular recognition events. Their specificity in these events is related with the high number of carbohydrate regio- and/or stereoisomers. We explore this rich (bio)chemical diversity to develop a small library of carbohydrate amphiphiles (i.e. Fmoc derivatives) able to assemble into nanofibers that further form gels under physiological conditions. Herein, we investigated the effect of the energy input (heating/cooling rate) and the carbohydrate stereochemistry on the assembled architectures (nanofibers and gels) and their mechanical properties. We selected glucosamine (Glc), galactosamine (Gal) and mannosamine (Man) N-functionalized with Fmoc, and studied their ability to gel by a heating and cooling cycle. While Fmoc-Glc and Fmoc-Gal assembled into nanofibers (AFM and SEM) and formed gels, the Fmoc-Man amphiphile was poorly soluble in aqueous media. The cooling rate affected the structure of the nanofibers formed by Fmoc-Gal: we observed opposite helicity (CD) for fast (40 {\textordmasculine}C/min) and slow cooling rate (5 {\textordmasculine}C/min). This altered helicity influences the macroscopic properties of the ensuing gels (G{\textquoteright}<sub>slow cooling</sub>\&gt;G{\textquoteright}<sub>fast cooling</sub>) such as gelling temperature (Tgel<sub>slow cooling</sub>\&gt;Tgel<sub>fast cooling</sub>); mechanical properties and stability. In conclusion, we demonstrated that biosystems can use carbohydrate isomers to generate diverse 3D systems as a function of the available energy input.</p>},
	keywords = {Different energy, helicity, supramolecular arrangement},
	author = {Castro, V. I. B. and Gao, Y. and Brito, A. and Soares da Costa, D. and Chen, J. and Ulijn, R. V. and Reis, R. L. and Pashkuleva, I. and Pires, R. A.}
}
