@article {18684, title = {Polysaccharide-based Nanobiomaterials as Controlled Release Systems for Tissue Engineering Applications.}, journal = {CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN }, volume = {21}, year = {2015}, month = {2015-06-01 00:00:00}, pages = { 4837-4850}, edition = {33}, abstract = {

Polysaccharides belong to a special class of biopolymers that has been used in different areas of research and technology\ for\ some years now. They present distinctive features attractive\ for\ the biomedical field. Among others,\ as\ extracted from natural sources, these materials are usually biocompatible and possess a significant ability to absorb water. Moreover, they can be conveniently modified by chemical means so\ as\ to display improved biological and physicochemical properties. The last but not the least, they are abundant in the natural Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and have a tremendous affinity\ fordifferent endogenous macromolecules. Accordingly, these particular materials constitute outstanding candidates\ for\ a variety of biomimetic approaches entailing the entrapment/stabilization of bioactive molecules (e.g. growth factors, siRNA, and DNA) that could be delivered and have an effect on relevant cellular mechanisms, such\ as\ gene expression and cell viability, -proliferation, and -differentiation.\ 

This review will explore the current status of nano-scale drug delivery devices\ based\ on polysaccharides that could be used in\ tissueengineering\ and regenerative medicine (TERM). Aiming to contextualize the topics here discussed, especially\ for\ non-experts in the field, section 1 (Introduction) will present a brief overview of TERM and the principal polysaccharides herein employed. In order to get a broader perspective on both issues, this section will include a brief description of non-nanometric\ systems\ with relevant characteristics\ for\ TERM, such\ as\ injectable microparticles and macroscopic hydrogels, just to cite a few. Section 2 will illustrate the contributions of nanotechnology to the development of TERM, in particular to the development of biomimetic\ systems\ capable of replicating the natural, endogenous ECMs. Next, sections 3 to 6 will describe representative\ systems\ in the nanometric scale presenting 0D (nanoparticles), 1D (nanorods and nanowires), 2D (thin coatings/films or multilayered\ systems), and 3D (woven nanofibrillar mats and meshes) configurations, respectively. Special attention will be paid on how nanometric constructs with these configurations can be used\ as\ modelsystems\ in TERM to understand and/or manipulate biological functions at the cellular level. Finally, section 7 will provide an outlook on future perspectives in the field. Overall, the review is intended to constitute a critical source of information relative to the current status of\ polysaccharide-basedbiomaterials\ for\ TERM, in particular those at the nanometric scale.

}, keywords = {Drug release, nanobiomaterials, POLYSACCHARIDES, regenerative medicine, Tissue engineering}, issn = {1381-6128}, doi = {10.2174/1381612821666150820101029}, author = {Rodr{\'\i}guez-Velázquez, E. and Alatorre-Meda, M. and Mano, J. F.} }