@article {17628,
	title = {Dual effect of platelet lysate on human articular cartilage: a maintenance of chondrogenic potential and a transient pro-inflammatory activity followed by an...},
	journal = {Tissue Engineering part A},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013-04-26 00:00:00},
	publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
	abstract = {<p>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a cocktail of platelet growth factors and bioactive proteins, has been proposed as a\&nbsp;therapeutic agent to restore damaged articular cartilage. We report the biological effect of the platelet lysate (PL),\&nbsp;a PRP derivative, on primary human articular chondrocytes cultured under both physiological and inflammatory\&nbsp;conditions. When added to the culture medium, PL induced a strong mitogenic response in the chondrocytes.\&nbsp;The in vitro expanded cell population maintained a chondrogenic redifferentiation potential as revealed\&nbsp;by micromass culture in vitro and ectopic cartilage formation in vivo. Further, in chondrocytes cultured in the\&nbsp;presence of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1a (IL-1a), the PL induced a drastic enhancement of the\&nbsp;synthesis of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 and of neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin, a lipocalin expressed\&nbsp;during chondrocyte differentiation and inflammation. These events were mediated by the p38 MAP kinase and\&nbsp;NF-kB pathways. We observed that inflammatory stimuli activated phospo-MAP kinase-activated protein kinase\&nbsp;2, a direct target of p38. The proinflammatory effect of the PL was a transient phenomenon; after an initial\&nbsp;upregulation, we observed significant reduction of the NF-kB activity together with the repression of the inflammatory\&nbsp;enzyme cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, the medium of chondrocytes cultured in the simultaneous\&nbsp;presence of PL and IL-1a, showed a significant enhancement of the chemoattractant activity versus untreated\&nbsp;chondrocytes. Our findings support the concept that the platelet products have a direct beneficial effect on\&nbsp;articular chondrocytes and could drive in sequence a transient activation and the resolution of the inflammatory\&nbsp;process, thus providing a rational for their use as therapeutic agents in cartilage inflammation and damage.</p>},
	keywords = {Human articular chondrocytes, Inflammation},
	doi = {10.1089/ten.TEA.2012.0225},
	url = {http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ten.TEA.2012.0225},
	author = {Pereira, R. C. and Scaranari, M. and Benelli, R. and Strada, P. and Reis, R. L. and Cancedda, R. and Gentili, C.}
}
